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This Week's Sky at a Glance

Some daily events in the changing sky for October 14 – 22

by Alan M. MacRobert

Dawn view
The waning Moon passes Mars and Regulus at dawn.
Sky & Telescope diagram
Friday, Oct. 14

  • Now that it's mid-October, Deneb has replaced Vega as the zenith star after nightfall (for skywatchers at mid-northern latitudes). Accordingly, Capricornus has replaced Sagittarius as the most notable constellation low in the south.

    Saturday, Oct. 15

  • Once the waning gibbous Moon rises this evening, look for the Pleiades above it.

    Sunday, Oct. 16

  • Jupiter's Great Red Spot should cross Jupiter's central meridian tonight around 12:08 a.m. EDT (9:08 p.m. PDT).

    Monday, Oct. 17

  • This is the time of year when the Little Dipper extends left from Polaris during evening, "dumping water" into the bowl of the Big Dipper, which lies far below it in the north-northwest.

    Tuesday, Oct. 18

  • Jupiter shines brightly in the east during evening. Capella shines a little less brightly in the northeast, somewhat lower (depending on your latitude). These are the two brightest lights in the whole eastern side of the sky. Now find the midpoint between them. A little below that point are the Pleiades.

    Wednesday, Oct. 19

  • Last-quarter Moon (exact at 11:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time). The Moon rises around midnight local time, below Gemini and left of Procyon.

  • Jupiter's Great Red Spot transits around 9:37 p.m. EDT. Later, Io disappears into eclipse by Jupiter's shadow around 12:16 a.m. EDT (9:16 p.m. PDT). With a small telescope, you can watch Io slowly fade away just off Jupiter's western limb. ( For timetables of all of Jupiter's Red Spot transits and satellite events this month, good worldwide, see the October Sky & Telescope, page 54.)

    Thursday, Oct. 20

  • Before and during dawn Friday morning, look for Mars to the left of the Moon, as shown at the top of this page.

    Friday, Oct. 21

  • The Moon is near Regulus before and during dawn Saturday morning, as shown at the top of this page.

  • The modest Orionid meteor shower should peak in the early-morning hours of Saturday. Some Orionids are visible for several mornings before and after.

    Saturday, Oct. 22

  • Fomalhaut, the Autumn Star, shines low in the south-southeast after dusk. It's due south later in the evening. The western (right-hand) side of the Great Square of Pegasus, very high in the sky, points down nearly to Fomalhaut.




    Want to become a better amateur astronomer? Learn your way around the constellations. They're the key to locating everything fainter and deeper to hunt with binoculars or a telescope.

    For an easy-to-use constellation guide covering the whole evening sky, use the big monthly map in the center of each issue of Sky & Telescope, the essential magazine of astronomy. Or download our free Getting Started in Astronomy booklet (which only has bimonthly maps).

    Pocket Sky Atlas
    The Pocket Sky Atlas plots 30,796 stars to magnitude 7.6 — which may sound like a lot, but that's less than one star in an entire telescopic field of view, on average. By comparison, Sky Atlas 2000.0 plots 81,312 stars to magnitude 8.5, typically one or two stars per telescopic field. Both atlases include many hundreds of deep-sky targets — galaxies, star clusters, and nebulae — to hunt among the stars.
    Sky & Telescope
    Once you get a telescope, to put it to good use you     must have a detailed, large-scale sky atlas (set of charts). The standards are the Pocket Sky Atlas, which shows stars to magnitude 7.6; the larger and deeper Sky Atlas 2000.0 (stars to magnitude 8.5); and the even larger Uranometria 2000.0 (stars to magnitude 9.75). And read how to use sky charts effectively.

    You'll also want a good deep-sky guidebook, such as Sue French's new Deep-Sky Wonders collection (which includes its own charts), Sky Atlas 2000.0 Companion by Strong and Sinnott, the bigger Night Sky Observer's Guide by Kepple and Sanner, or the classic if dated Burnham's Celestial Handbook.

    Can a computerized telescope take their place? I don't think so — not for beginners, anyway, and especially not on mounts that are less than top-quality mechanically. As Terence Dickinson and Alan Dyer say in their Backyard Astronomer's Guide, "A full appreciation of the universe cannot come without developing the skills to find things in the sky and understanding how the sky works. This knowledge comes only by spending time under the stars with star maps in hand."




    This Week's Planet Roundup

    Mercury (about magnitude –0.5) is very deep in the sunset. For a real challenge, if the air is very clear, use binoculars or a telescope shortly after sundown this week to see if you can pick up Mercury 3° to 5° lower right of Venus.

    Venus (magnitude –3.9) is just above the west-southwest horizon 15 or 20 minutes after sunset. Binoculars help. If you spot Venus, you'll be one of a small number to see it this early in its apparition — compared to the billions of people who will see it as the Evening Star blazing high in twilight in the coming months.

    Mars (magnitude +1.2, crossing from Cancer into Leo) rises around 1 or 2 a.m. daylight-saving time. By the beginning of dawn it's in good view high in the east. Below it by roughly 12° is Regulus, similar in brightness. In a telescope Mars is a tiny blob only 5.5 arcseconds wide.

    Jupiter on Sept. 19, 2011
    Io and darker Callisto were just east of Jupiter when S&T's Sean Walker imaged the scene on the morning of September 19th. South is up. Note the reddish Oval BA, "Red Spot Junior," just past the central meridian in the South Temperate Belt.
    S&T: Sean Walker
    Jupiter (magnitude –2.9, in southern Aries) shines low in the east-northeast in twilight and blazes brightly higher in the east to southeast all evening. Look above it for the stars of Aries and below it for the head of Cetus, rather dim. (And keep checking in on Mira, now coming off an unusually bright maximum and still naked-eye, to the right of the head of Cetus; see article.)

    Jupiter is nearly at its highest by midnight now. It's a big 49 arcseconds wide, essentially as big as it will appear at its October 28th opposition. See our guide to observing Jupiter with a telescope.

    Saturn is out of sight in conjunction behind the Sun.

    Uranus (magnitude 5.7, in Pisces) and Neptune (magnitude 7.9, in Aquarius) are well placed in the south and southeast by mid-evening. Use our printable finder chart for both, or see the September Sky & Telescope, page 53.

    All descriptions that relate to your horizon — including the words up, down, right, and left — are written for the world's mid-northern latitudes. Descriptions that also depend on longitude (mainly Moon positions) are for North America. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) equals Universal Time (also known as UT, UTC, or GMT) minus 4 hours.

    NEW BOOK: Sue French's DEEP-SKY WONDERS! This big, long-awaited observing guide by Sky & Telescope's Sue French is now available from Shop at Sky. Hefty and lavishly illustrated, it contains Sue’s 100 favorite sky tours (25 per season, with finder charts) from her 11 years of writing the Celestial Sampler and Deep-Sky Wonders columns for S&T. Don’t miss it!

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